Justices Clarence Thomas and Antonin Scalia voted to hear the case over whether documents from Planned Parenthood of Northern New England should be turned over to an anti-abortion group.
President Cecile Richards said accusations that the organization illegally profits from tissue provided to researchers have "nothing to do with our fetal tissue donation compliance process."
President Obama signed the bill into law before the midnight deadline to keep the government running. The measure does not defund Planned Parenthood as House Republicans had threatened.
Republicans are pushing to strip Planned Parenthood of federal funding. The organization's popularity has held steady, highlighting a risk for the GOP. But there's danger for Democrats, too.
Critics say research on fetal tissue is no longer needed to answer crucial medical questions. But National Institutes of Health officials and other scientists say alternatives don't yet measure up.
The congressional hearing was oftentimes contentious with the head of Planned Parenthood defending her organization and explaining that it does not receive federal money for most abortions.
Senators agreed to limit debate on a measure to fund the government through Dec. 11 without stripping funding from Planned Parenthood. They're expected to approve the bill and send it to the House.
The deadline to fund government agencies is Sept. 30. Democrats blocked a vote on a bill to extend current funding because it would have deleted money for Planned Parenthood for a year.