Cancer Cases Rising At An Alarming Rate Worldwide
As countries modernize around the world, they're increasingly being hit with one of the curses of wealth: cancer.
There are about 14 million new cancer cases globally each year, the World Health Organization reported Monday. And the trend is only getting worse.
The global burden of cancer will grow by 70 percent over the next two decades, the WHO predicts, with an estimated 22 million new cases and 13 million deaths each year by 2032.
The majority of cases now occur in low- and middle-income countries, the agency found. Many of these nations' health care systems are ill-equipped to deal with the flood of complicated conditions that go along with disease.
Cancer in the developing world is a "time bomb," says Dr. Bernard Stewart, an epidemiologist at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia, who helped edit the WHO report. The problem, Stewart says, is that treatment availability for cancer hasn't kept up with the rise in its prevalence.
The long-held idea that cancer is a disease that affects primarily rich countries is slowly being undermined. You're still more likely to get cancer if you live in a wealthy country than if you live in a developing one. But you're more likely to die from the disease if you live in a poor country because cancer is often detected later in developing countries, and treatments are limited.
"The drug treatment path is simply not an option for the vast majority of low-income countries," Stewart says.
Furthermore, in industrialized nations the most common cancers (malignancies of the breast, colon or prostate) have the best potential treatment options, whereas cancers most common in low-income countries (cancers of the liver, stomach or esophagus) are harder to treat.
Breast cancer represents about a quarter of all cancers reported among women worldwide. But in parts of Africa and South America, cervical cancer is a bigger problem.
The good news, Stewart says, is that the lessons learned in the West — especially about early screening and prevention — could help to stem the expansion of cancer in other parts of the world.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for men in the West, while lung and liver cancers are the top problems in Asia.
"There are actions that can be taken in low- and middle-income countries," Stewart says. In particular, vaccinations against human papillomavirus and hepatitis B and C can help stop the rise of cervical and liver cancers.
People living in North America and Europe are still the most likely to get cancer. But the sheer size of China's population means that more people now die of cancer in China than anywhere else in world.
Despite high rates of smoking, China's rate of lung cancer is actually lower than that of most European nations. Death rates in China from stomach and liver cancer, however, are the highest in the world.
There's great diversity in terms of what forms of cancer strike where. Breast cancer is the leading type of malignancy globally among women, yet in some African nations cervical cancer is more common. Of all the malignancies, prostate cancer kills the most men worldwide; but in Japan, for example, stomach cancer kills more men.
And while cancer is a growing problem in developing nations, the person most likely to get cancer anywhere on the planet is a black man in the United States.
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Transcript
AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:
The threat of cancer is growing in the developing world. The majority of cases now occur in low and middle income countries and NPR's Jason Beaubien reports, that trend is only expected to get worse.
JASON BEAUBIEN, BYLINE: As developing nations modernize, they're increasingly being hit with one of the curses of affluence, cancer. Researchers from the World Health Organization in the World Cancer Report 2014 say that the global burden of cancer is shifting away from North America and Europe and onto developing nations - Latin America, Africa and Asia.,
In 2012, roughly 60 percent of all cancer cases were in low and middle income countries. The health systems in these countries are often unprepared to diagnose and treat such complicated conditions and this leads to far higher death rates than in the developed world. Dr. Bernard Stewart, one of the editors of the report, calls cancer in the developing world a time bomb.
He says many cancer treatment options used in the West simply aren't available or are way too expensive for poor countries.
BERNARD STEWART: That drug treatment passes (unintelligible) it's simply not an option for the vast majority of the population of most low income countries.
BEAUBIEN: He says the good news is that lessons from the West on early screening and prevention can be applied to help stem the expansion of cancer in other parts of the world.
STEWART: There is actions that can be taken in low or middle income countries - that is to say, in particular, vaccinations in hepatitis B and C and vaccination is possible against human papillomavirus.
BEAUBIEN: Globally, people living in North American and Europe are still the most likely to get cancer, but the sheer volume of people living in China means that more people now die of cancer there than anywhere else. Despite high rates of smoking, China's rate of lung cancer is actually lower than that of most European nations. Death rates from stomach and liver cancer in China, however, are the highest in the world.
There's great diversity in terms of what forms of cancers strike where. Breast cancer is the leading form among women across the globe, yet in some African nations, cervical cancer is the most problematic. For men, prostate cancer is the most deadly form, yet in Namibia the leader is esophagus cancer. And while cancer is a growing problem in developing nations, the group most likely to get hit by cancer anywhere on the planet is in the U.S., African-American men.
Jason Beaubien, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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